Causes, Effects on Your Money, and How to Protect Your Portfolio Inflation is the general rise in prices that reduces purchasing power over time, driven by supply-demand imbalances, monetary policy, and fiscal factors. Its effects include higher living costs, pressure on fixed-income investments, and real wage erosion if pay does not keep up. Protect assets with inflation-sensitive strategies: real assets (real estate, commodities), TIPS or inflation-linked bonds, equities in pricing power companies, and periodically adjusting budgets to reflect higher costs.

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